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The Works of Edgar Allan Poe

by Edgar Allan Poe

The Raven Edition

VOLUME V.

Contents

PHILOSOPHY OF FURNITURE A TALE OF JERUSALEM THE SPHINX HOP-FROG THE MAN OF THE CROWD NEVER BET THE DEVIL YOUR HEAD THOU ART THE MAN WHY THE LITTLE FRENCHMAN WEARS HIS HAND IN A SLING BON-BON SOME WORDS WITH A MUMMY THE POETIC PRINCIPLE OLD ENGLISH POETRY

=POEMS= PREFACE POEMS OF LATER LIFE THE RAVEN THE BELLS ULALUME TO HELEN ANNABEL LEE A VALENTINE AN ENIGMA FOR ANNIE TO F—— TO FRANCES S. OSGOOD ELDORADO TO MARIE LOUISE (SHEW) O MARIE LOUISE (SHEW) THE CITY IN THE SEA THE SLEEPER NOTES

=POEMS OF MANHOOD= LENORE TO ONE IN PARADISE THE COLISEUM THE HAUNTED PALACE THE CONQUEROR WORM SILENCE DREAM-LAND HYMN TO ZANTE SCENES FROM “POLITIAN” POEMS OF YOUTH INTRODUCTION TO POEMS—1831 _LETTER TO MR. B—._ SONNET—TO SCIENCE AL AARAAF TAMERLANE TO HELEN THE VALLEY OF UNREST ISRAFEL TO —— TO —— TO THE RIVER—— SONG SPIRITS OF THE DEAD A DREAM ROMANCE FAIRY-LAND THE LAKE —— TO—— EVENING STAR “THE HAPPIEST DAY.” IMITATION HYMN TO ARISTOGEITON AND HARMODIUS DREAMS “IN YOUTH I HAVE KNOWN ONE” NOTES

=DOUBTFUL POEMS= ALONE TO ISADORE THE VILLAGE STREET THE FOREST REVERIE NOTES

PHILOSOPHY OF FURNITURE.

In the internal decoration, if not in the external architecture of their residences, the English are supreme. The Italians have but little sentiment beyond marbles and colours. In France, _meliora probant, deteriora _sequuntur—the people are too much a race of gadabouts to maintain those household proprieties of which, indeed, they have a delicate appreciation, or at least the elements of a proper sense. The Chinese and most of the eastern races have a warm but inappropriate fancy. The Scotch are _poor _decorists. The Dutch have, perhaps, an indeterminate idea that a curtain is not a cabbage. In Spain they are _all _curtains—a nation of hangmen. The Russians do not furnish. The Hottentots and Kickapoos are very well in their way. The Yankees alone are preposterous.

How this happens, it is not difficult to see. We have no aristocracy of blood, and having therefore as a natural, and indeed as an inevitable thing, fashioned for ourselves an aristocracy of dollars, the _display of wealth _has here to take the place and perform the office of the heraldic display in monarchical countries. By a transition readily understood, and which might have been as readily foreseen, we have been brought to merge in simple _show_ our notions of taste itself.

To speak less abstractly. In England, for example, no mere parade of costly appurtenances would be so likely as with us, to create an impression of the beautiful in respect to the appurtenances themselves—or of taste as regards the proprietor:—this for the reason, first, that wealth is not, in England, the loftiest object of ambition as constituting a nobility; and secondly, that there, the true nobility of blood, confining itself within the strict limits of legitimate taste, rather avoids than affects that mere costliness in which a _parvenu _rivalry may at any time be successfully attempted.

The people _will _imitate the nobles, and the result is a thorough diffusion of the proper feeling. But in America, the coins current being the sole arms of the aristocracy, their display may be said, in general, to be the sole means of the aristocratic distinction; and the populace, looking always upward for models, are insensibly led to confound the two entirely separate ideas of magnificence and beauty. In short, the cost of an article of furniture has at length come to be, with us, nearly the sole test of its merit in a decorative point of view—and this test, once established, has led the way to many analogous errors, readily traceable to the one primitive folly.

There could be nothing more directly offensive to the eye of an artist than the interior of what is termed in the United States—that is to say, in Appallachia—a well-furnished apartment. Its most usual defect is a want of keeping. We speak of the keeping of a room as we would of the keeping of a picture—for both the picture and the room are amenable to those undeviating principles which regulate all varieties of art; and very nearly the same laws by which we decide on the higher merits of a painting, suffice for decision on the adjustment of a chamber.

A want of keeping is observable sometimes in the character of the several pieces of furniture, but generally in their colours or modes of adaptation to use _Very _often the eye is offended by their inartistic arrangement. Straight lines are too prevalent—too uninterruptedly continued—or clumsily interrupted at right angles. If curved lines occur, they are repeated into unpleasant uniformity. By undue precision, the appearance of many a fine apartment is utterly spoiled.

Curtains are rarely well disposed, or well chosen in respect to other decorations. With formal furniture, curtains are out of place; and an extensive volume of drapery of any kind is, under any circumstance, irreconcilable with good taste—the proper quantum, as well as the proper adjustment, depending upon the character of the general effect.

Carpets are better understood of late than of ancient days, but we still very frequently err in their patterns and colours. The soul of the apartment is the carpet. From it are deduced not only the hues but the forms of all objects incumbent. A judge at common law may be an ordinary man; a good judge of a carpet _must be _a genius. Yet we have heard discoursing of carpets, with the air “_d’un mouton qui reve,” _fellows who should not and who could not be entrusted with the management of their own _moustaches. _Every one knows that a large floor _may _have a covering of large figures, and that a small one must have a covering of small—yet this is not all the knowledge in the world. As regards texture, the Saxony is alone admissible. Brussels is the preterpluperfect tense of fashion, and Turkey is taste in its dying agonies. Touching pattern—a carpet should _not _be bedizzened out like a Riccaree Indian—all red chalk, yellow ochre, and cock’s feathers. In brief—distinct grounds, and vivid circular or cycloid figures, _of no meaning, _are here Median laws. The abomination of flowers, or representations of well-known objects of any kind, should not be endured within the limits of Christendom. Indeed, whether on carpets, or curtains, or tapestry, or ottoman coverings, all upholstery of this nature should be rigidly Ar